How does Arduino IDE reset a board before flashing? Why doesn't avrdude do it?

Question

I have the beetle board, a Leonardo clone same as in this question.

Using the reset pin and quick hands on the keyboard, I am able to flash with avrdude and get also the board info with a command line like this:

$ avrdude -c avr109 -p atmega32u4 -P /dev/ttyACM1 

And get the output:

Connecting to programmer: .
Found programmer: Id = "CATERIN"; type = S
    Software Version = 1.0; No Hardware Version given.
Programmer supports auto addr increment.
Programmer supports buffered memory access with buffersize=128 bytes.

Programmer supports the following devices:
    Device code: 0x44

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9587 (probably m32u4)

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:CB, H:D8, L:FF)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

This is good but when I flash something from the ArduinoIDE I noticed I don't have to reset the board manually by grounding the reset pins, the boot loader starts automatically

How does ArduinoIDE reset the bootloader, some kind of communication on /dev/ttyACM1?

Answer 1

The uploaded Arduino sketch has in the part provided by core a code which waits for a 1200 baud connection on USB. If a 1200 baud connection is established it resets the board to bootloader. The bootloader then starts the com port and waits for the upload.

To reset a board which has in boards.txt upload.use_1200bps_touch=true Arduino IDE opens a 1200 baud connection to the board, then detects the new com port and start avrdude for the upload.