Ultrasonic Sensor - JSN-SR04T 2.0

Question

I would like to use the JSN-SR04T 2.0 in order to find the depth of a body of water. Once I test the sensor in a body of water, the distance measurements are then constant at about 20 cm. I then changed my distance formula to account for the speed of sound in water, but the measurements are still constant despite change in the body of water. Does anyone have any recommendations on how to obtain better measurements underwater?

#define trigPin 2
#define echoPin 3

// Define variables:
long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  // Define inputs and outputs
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

  // Begin Serial communication at a baudrate of 9600:
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
  // Clear the trigPin by setting it LOW:
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  delayMicroseconds(5);
 // Trigger the sensor by setting the trigPin high for 10 microseconds:
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Read the echoPin. pulseIn() returns the duration (length of the pulse) in microseconds:
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance:
  distance = duration*0.034/2;

  // Print the distance on the Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M):
  Serial.print("Distance = ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  delay(100);
}

Answer 1

According to the data sheet the minimum target distance is 20cm in the open air at a 343 m/s

The speed of sound in water is 1481 m/s so the minimum distance would be 20cm x 1481 / 343 = 86cm.

You cannot measure distances under 83cm in water.