I've moved the `analogWrite` part of the code inside the `switch case` `BRIGHTNESS_UP` & `BRIGHTNESS_DOWN` and it's working. I also removed the `crossFade(c);` line. 

Here's the working code:

    #include <TimerOne.h>
    #include <IRremote.h>
    #include <RGBMood.h>
    
    int RECV_PIN = 2;  // IR-Receiver PIN
    int led = 13;       // Satus-LED PIN
    int modus;          // Modus for Interrupt-Querry 
    int ledr = 11;       // RGB LED red PIN
    int ledg = 12;       // RGB LED green PIN                       
    int ledb = 13;       // RGB LED blue PIN
    int SerialBuffer = 0; 
    int c[3];
    
    
    //RGB Pins Array
    int CH[3] = {11, 12, 13};
    int val[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // led brightness 0-255
    
    
    RGBMood m(ledr, ledg, ledb);
    
    int timerwert = 20;   // Timer time for Interrupt in ms
      
    String readString;
    
    // Color arrays
    int black[3]  = { 0, 0, 0 };
    int white[3]  = { 100, 100, 100 };
    int red[3]    = { 100, 0, 0 };
    int green[3]  = { 0, 100, 0 };
    int blue[3]   = { 0, 0, 100 };
    int yellow[3] = { 40, 95, 0 };
    int dimWhite[3] = { 30, 30, 30 };
    
    int brightness = 100;    // how bright the LED is
    int fadeAmount = 5;    // how many points to fade the LED by
    // etc.
    
    // Set initial color
    int redVal = black[0];
    int grnVal = black[1]; 
    int bluVal = black[2];
    
    int wait = 10;      // 10ms internal crossFade delay; increase for slower fades
    int hold = 0;       // Optional hold when a color is complete, before the next crossFade
    int DEBUG = 1;      // DEBUG counter; if set to 1, will write values back via serial
    int loopCount = 60; // How often should DEBUG report?
    int repeat = 3;     // How many times should we loop before stopping? (0 for no stop)
    int j = 0;          // Loop counter for repeat
    
    
    // Initialize color variables
    int prevR = redVal;
    int prevG = grnVal;
    int prevB = bluVal;
    
    #define ON                0xF4F37A66
    #define OFF               0x1363ADB4
    #define BRIGHTNESS_UP     0xE6721691
    #define BRIGHTNESS_DOWN   0xE9721B48
    #define FLASH             0xFFF00F
    #define STROBE            0xFFE817
    #define FADE              0x39ED1255
    #define SMOOTH            0xFFC837
     
    #define RED               0x9D561314
    #define GREEN             0XCB8E93A5
    #define BLUE              0xC88E8EEC
    #define WHITE             0x16DBBEE3
     
    #define ORANGE            0xFFB04F
    #define YELLOW_DARK       0xFFA857
    #define YELLOW_MEDIUM     0xFF9867
    #define YELLOW_LIGHT      0xFF8877
     
    #define GREEN_LIGHT       0XFF30CF
    #define GREEN_BLUE1       0XFF28D7
    #define GREEN_BLUE2       0XFF18E7
    #define GREEN_BLUE3       0XFF08F7
     
    #define BLUE_RED          0XFF708F
    #define PURPLE_DARK       0XFF6897
    #define PURPLE_LIGHT      0XFF58A7
    #define PINK              0XFF48B7
    #define MAX 255 
    
    IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
    decode_results results;
    
    void setup()
    {
      pinMode(ledr, OUTPUT); // Set RGB LED Pins as Output
      pinMode(ledg, OUTPUT); // Set RGB LED Pins as Output
      pinMode(ledb, OUTPUT); // Set RGB LED Pins as Output
      pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // set Status-LED as Output 
     //initiate rgb pins output
        for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
      {
        pinMode(CH[i], OUTPUT);
      }
    
      m.setMode(RGBMood::RANDOM_HUE_MODE);  // Automatic random fade.
      m.setHoldingTime(4000);  // Keep the same color for 4 seconds before fading again.
      m.setFadingSteps(150);   // Fade with 150 steps.
      m.setFadingSpeed(50);    // Each step last 50ms. A complete fade takes 50*150 = 7.5 seconds
      m.setHSB(random(359), 255, 255);
      
    Serial.begin(9600);
     
      irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start of IR-Recive
         
      Timer1.initialize(timerwert); // Initialisation of Timer-Interrupts
      Timer1.attachInterrupt(leseIR); // IR-Read from Interrupt
    }
    
    void leseIR(){
      if (irrecv.decode(&results)){
         irrecv.resume();  // Receive the next value
        switch (results.value)  {
         
          case FADE: // Modus Fade (DIY 4)
            modus = 1;  
          break;
          
          case 0xFF906F: // Modus pcambi (DIY 5)
            modus = 2;  
          break;
         
          case ON:  //Power
           modus = 0;
            crossFade(white);         // RGB LEDs Off 
          break;
                case OFF:  //Power
           modus = 0;
            crossFade(black);         // RGB LEDs Off 
          break;
           
          case BLUE:  //Blau 0,0,255
            modus = 0;
          crossFade(blue);
          break;
          
          case RED: //Rot
            modus = 0;
            crossFade(red);
          break;
          
          case GREEN://Grün
            modus = 0;
            crossFade(green);
          break;  
          
          case WHITE: //Weiss
            modus = 0;
            crossFade(white);
          break;
          
          case BRIGHTNESS_UP: //DIMMING UP
            modus = 0;
        brightness += 5;
        if (brightness > 255) brightness = 255;
        c[0] = prevR; c[1] = prevG; c[2] = prevB;
        analogWrite(ledr, redVal * brightness / 255);   // Write current values to LED pins
        analogWrite(ledg, grnVal * brightness / 255);      
        analogWrite(ledb, bluVal * brightness / 255);
       
          break;
          
           case BRIGHTNESS_DOWN: //DIMMING DOWN
             modus = 0;
        brightness -= 5;
        if (brightness < 0) brightness = 0;
        c[0] = prevR; c[1] = prevG; c[2] = prevB;
        analogWrite(ledr, redVal * brightness / 255);   // Write current values to LED pins
        analogWrite(ledg, grnVal * brightness / 255);      
        analogWrite(ledb, bluVal * brightness / 255);
     
                  
          break;
          
          case 0xFFAA55://Grün mitrtel
            modus = 0;
          break;  
          
          case 0xFF926D: //blau mittel
            modus = 0;
    
          break; 
          
          case 0xFF12ED: //rosa
            modus = 0;
    
          break;      
         
         
         }             // Switch END
    
      }               
    }                  
    
    void loop() {
    if(modus==1){    // Querry pb Modus:1 
    m.tick();
    }
    if(modus==2){    // Querry pb Modus:1 
    
    }
            Serial.println(prevR);
            Serial.println(prevG);
            Serial.println(prevB);
    //      Serial.println(results.value, HEX);
    //      Serial.println(DEC);
    //      Serial.println(DEC);
    //      Serial.println(DEC);
    //      Serial.print("channel 1,2,3 values:");              // sends  brightness values to the serial monitor
        //  for(int i=0; i<3; i++){                             // every time the remote is pressed
        //  Serial.print(CH[i]);
    //      Serial.print("   ");
        // } 
      } 
      
      
      int calculateStep(int prevValue, int endValue) {
      int step = endValue - prevValue; // What's the overall gap?
      if (step) {                      // If its non-zero, 
        step = 1020/step;              //   divide by 1020
      } 
      return step;
    }
    
    /* The next function is calculateVal. When the loop value, i,
    *  reaches the step size appropriate for one of the
    *  colors, it increases or decreases the value of that color by 1. 
    *  (R, G, and B are each calculated separately.)
    */
    
    int calculateVal(int step, int val, int i) {
    
      if ((step) && i % step == 0) { // If step is non-zero and its time to change a value,
        if (step > 0) {              //   increment the value if step is positive...
          val += 1;           
        } 
        else if (step < 0) {         //   ...or decrement it if step is negative
          val -= 1;
        } 
      }
      // Defensive driving: make sure val stays in the range 0-255
      if (val > 255) {
        val = 255;
      } 
      else if (val < 0) {
        val = 0;
      }
      return val;
    }
    
    /* crossFade() converts the percentage colors to a 
    *  0-255 range, then loops 1020 times, checking to see if  
    *  the value needs to be updated each time, then writing
    *  the color values to the correct pins.
    */
    
    void crossFade(int color[3]) {
      // Convert to 0-255
      int R = (color[0] * 255) / 100;
      int G = (color[1] * 255) / 100;
      int B = (color[2] * 255) / 100;
    
      int stepR = calculateStep(prevR, R);
      int stepG = calculateStep(prevG, G); 
      int stepB = calculateStep(prevB, B);
    
      for (int i = 0; i <= 1020; i++) {
        redVal = calculateVal(stepR, redVal, i);
        grnVal = calculateVal(stepG, grnVal, i);
        bluVal = calculateVal(stepB, bluVal, i);
    
        analogWrite(ledr, redVal);   // Write current values to LED pins
        analogWrite(ledg, grnVal);      
        analogWrite(ledb, bluVal); 
    
        delay(wait); // Pause for 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop
    
     
      }
      // Update current values for next loop
      prevR = redVal; 
      prevG = grnVal; 
      prevB = bluVal;
      delay(hold); // Pause for optional 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop
    }

thanks geometrikal for your support! You believe it's possible to manipulate the dimming of the fade effect too? It's using the RGBMood class to creade a HSB color mix.