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Using a NodeMCU master and an Arduino slave (Wire.h on both sides), is there a maximum message size (32 bytes?) for the answer that the slave sends from requestEvent()?
If so, is there any solution to circumvent such a restriction WITHOUT the use of other libraries (like I2C_Anything, for example)?
The I2C protocol itself does not have a transmission size restriction. But the implementation in the Wire library only reserves a specific amount of RAM for the buffers. This site mentiones 32 bytes for normal Arduinos (couldn't find the source code currently) and I found 128 bytes for the ESP8266 in the source code.
You cannot have unlimited message length, since the buffer has to hold the whole message and the RAM on normal Arduinos is very limited.
But you can make the buffers of the libraries bigger by changing the corresponding defines in the header files to a bigger value. Keep in mind, that the actual used memory space is with a factor 2, since the buffer size gets used for both send and receive buffer.
If you need bigger messages, than is fitting in the available RAM, you should either change to a board with more RAM, or develop a way to process one part of a message, deleting it and then process the next part (multi part message). Though that raises the question, why the messages have to be that big in the first place.
Wire.h library and it didnt work.
Wire.hlibrary must be tinkered with, which would make the sketch implementation non-standard. There is no guarantee that future versions of this library will accept such tinkering.