If you try hard enough it might work, but it will not be easy.
In general there are 2 types of RAM. Static and Dynamic. You can cram a lot more memory into a Dynamic RAM chip so that is what is most likely in your computer. And probably what you are asking about in your question.
Dynamic memory needs to be refreshed continuously. Otherwise the data will be lost. This is such a repetitive and time consuming process that special hardware is used to relieve the processor of this task. In general, embedded processors such at the Atmel (used in most Arduinos) do not have such specialized hardware.
So it will be (very) difficult to use your computer memory in your Arduino.
That said, there are some specialized RAM chips that you can use with your Arduino. But they likely do not look like the memory chips in your computer.