How canUPDATE 3:
I fixhad a look on the headers.
https.headers()
This gives me 0 headers on every page, even when there's a payload.
I also had a closer look at the payload that returns from my desired api and its filled with NULL. In a weird way this is only the case with my desired page and only my desired subpages. Requesting something more at top level e.g "https://www.adler-mannheim.de/jsonapi" which is basically a SilverStripe Welcome page, I get a fully fetched beautiful HTML payload.
I got literally no Idea why. Do I have to set a specific User Agent or something so that the Server responds?