Connecting to the 5v/2A power supply would cause no trouble at all. Taking 4 minutes to compile is strange but unlikely to be related to the Arduino board. "programmer is not responding" errors are communication errors.
- Did the program compile without errors?
- Are any LEDs lit or blinking on your board?
- Is the correct board selected in the Tools | Boards menu?
- Is the correct port selected in the Tools | Ports menu?
- Is the correct programmer selected in the Tools | Programmer menu?
- Try another USB cable.
- Try pressing/releasing the board's reset button right after you click the upload button.